By George Lakoff,Paula Aguiriano
Las palabras no son inocentes. Puede que aún menos de lo que pensábamos. los angeles palabra «elefante» hace que evoquemos automáticamente a un animal de trompa versatile y orejas grandes. Incluso cuando le pedimos a alguien que no piense en uno, lo estamos evocando. No solo eso: estamos dando carta de validez a esa palabra para referirnos a ese animal en concreto.
Lo mismo ocurre en el lenguaje político. Los republicanos estadounidenses, desde Reagan y hasta Trump, han conseguido activar, en una parte significativa de l. a. población, los marcos mentales que más les convienen, entre ellos el del Estado como «padre estricto» que outline reglas de conducta, que castiga y educa con firmeza cuando los angeles situación lo requiere. Movilizan así entre sus votantes representaciones como los angeles del individuo expoliado por el Estado (para justificar l. a. rebaja de los impuestos) y mitos como el del carácter sacrosanto del matrimonio (para oponerse al matrimonio homosexual).
¿Puede esa estrategia funcionar en sentido contrario? ¿Podrían utilizarse los marcos mentales para activar otros valores, principios y directrices políticas? ¿Hacer, por ejemplo, que l. a. apuesta por los angeles paz y el diálogo tenga más peso que el miedo al terrorismo? A estas preguntas trata de responder George Lakoff en este amenísimo ensayo convertido ya por derecho propio en un clásico contemporáneo.
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